Reconstructed languages or language subgroups are in italic font; all other languages are historically witnessed.
© Joshua C. Sherrill, 2026.
Bibliography
- Rubin, Aaron D. 2010. A Brief Introduction to the Semitic Languages. Piscatawy, NJ: Gorgias (pages 3–21).
- Huehnergard, John, and Naʾama Pat-El. 2019. “Introduction to the Semitic Languages and Their History.” Pages 1–21 in The Semitic Languages. Edited by Huehnergard and Pat-El. 2nd ed. Routledge Language Family Series. New York: Routledge (and subsequent essays within the volume).
- Bekins, Peter. 2020. Inscriptions from the Biblical World: A Reader and Introduction to Old Northwest Semitic. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson (pages 3–6).
- Garr, W. Randall. 2004. Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine: 1000–586 B.C.E. 1985. Repr., Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns (page 231).
- Blau, Joshua. 2010. Phonology and Morphology of Biblical Hebrew. LSAWS 2. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns (page 17).
Joshua C. Sherrill 
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